Last update June 24, 2022

2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol

Likely Compatibility

Fairly safe. Mild or unlikely adverse effects. Compatible under certain circumstances. Follow-up recommended. Read Commentary.

Chloral hydrate is a hypnotic and sedative with properties similar to those of barbiturates. It is used in the treatment of insomnia, as a sedative and as an anesthetic premedication. Oral administration one to three times a day.

It is excreted in breast milk in moderate amount, which could be clinically significant. (Bernstine 1956)

Single doses in nursing mothers did not cause adverse effects in nursing infants. (Bernstine 1956)

A daily dose in a nursing mother caused transient minimal sedation with no long-term adverse effects on the infant. (Lacey 1971)

It has been used as a hypnotic in young infants as sedation for non-painful examinations (CT, EEG, MRI).

Punctual use is compatible with breastfeeding (WHO 2002). Avoid repeated use: it can cause drowsiness.

American Academy of Pediatrics: Maternal Medication Usually Compatible With Breastfeeding. (AAP 2001)

It is recommended to check for sedation and adequate feeding in infants. Bed-sharing (co-sleeping) with the baby is not recommended if this drug are used. (ABM 2020 y 2008, UNICEF 2018, 2017, 2014 y 2013, Landa 2012, UNICEF 2006)

Alternatives

  • Lorazepam (Safe substance and/or breastfeeding is the best option.)
  • Midazolam (Safe substance and/or breastfeeding is the best option.)
  • Oxazepam (Safe substance and/or breastfeeding is the best option.)
  • Zolpidem Tartrate (Safe substance and/or breastfeeding is the best option.)

Suggestions made at e-lactancia are done by APILAM team of health professionals, and are based on updated scientific publications. It is not intended to replace the relationship you have with your doctor but to compound it. The pharmaceutical industry contraindicates breastfeeding, mistakenly and without scientific reasons, in most of the drug data sheets.

Jose Maria Paricio, Founder & President of APILAM/e-Lactancia

Your contribution is essential for this service to continue to exist. We need the generosity of people like you who believe in the benefits of breastfeeding.

Thank you for helping to protect and promote breastfeeding.

José María Paricio, founder of e-lactancia.

Other names

2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol is Chloral Hydrate in Chemical name.

Is written in other languages:

2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol is also known as

Group

2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol belongs to this group or family:

Tradenames

Main tradenames from several countries containing 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol in its composition:

  • Aquachloral
  • Dentol
  • Midrin™. Contains other elements than 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol in its composition
  • Migrazone™. Contains other elements than 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol in its composition
  • Nodolor™. Contains other elements than 2,2,2-Trichloroethane-1,1-diol in its composition

Pharmacokinetics

Variable Value Unit
Oral Bioavail. 100 %
Molecular weight 165 daltons
Protein Binding 35 - 40 %
VD 0.6 l/Kg
pKa 9.51 -
Tmax 1 hours
8 - 10 hours
M/P ratio 3 -
Theoretical Dose 0.5 - 6 mg/Kg/d
Relative Dose 2.2 - 28 %

References

  1. (ABM): Blair PS, Ball HL, McKenna JJ, Feldman-Winter L, Marinelli KA, Bartick MC; Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine.. Bedsharing and Breastfeeding: The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol #6, Revision 2019. Breastfeed Med. 2020 Jan;15(1):5-16. Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  2. UNICEF UK. Caring for your baby at night. A guide for parents. 2018 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  3. UNICEF. Ball H, Blair PS. (For UNICEF UK). Caring for your baby at night. Health professional´s guide. 2017 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  4. UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative statement on Bed-sharing when parents do not smoke: is there a risk of SIDS? An individual level analysis of five major case-control studies. None 2013 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  5. L.Landa Rivera, M.Díaz-Gómez, A.Gómez Papi, J.M.Paricio Talayero, C.Pallás Alonso, M.T.Hernández Aguilar, J.Aguayo Maldonado, J.M.Arena Ansotegui, S.Ares Segura, A.Jiménez Moya, J.J.Lasarte Velillas, J.Martín Calama, M.D.Romero Escós. El colecho favorece la práctica de la lactancia materna y no aumenta el riesgo de muerte súbita del lactante. Dormir con los padres. Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria. 14:53-60 2012 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  6. ABM - Comité de protocolos de la Academia médica de lactancia materna (Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine). Protocolo Clínico de la ABM #6: Lineamientos sobre la práctica de dormir al bebé junto con la madre y la lactancia materna Revisión, marzo de 2008. Breastfeeding Medicine 2008 Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  7. ABM - The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. ABM Clinical Protocol #6: Guideline on Co-Sleeping and Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Medicine 2008 Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  8. UNICEF UK. Compartiendo la cama con tu bebé. Guía para madres que amamantan. Folleto 2006 Full text (in our servers)
  9. WHO / UNICEF. BREASTFEEDING AND MATERNAL MEDICATION Recommendations for Drugs in the Eleventh WHO Model List of Essential Drugs. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (WHO/UNICEF) 2002 Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  10. AAP - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):776-89. Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  11. Lacey JH. Dichloralphenazone and breast milk. Br Med J. 1971 Abstract Full text (link to original source) Full text (in our servers)
  12. BERNSTINE JB, MEYER AE, BERNSTINE RL. Maternal blood and breast milk estimation following the administration of chloral hydrate during the puerperium. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp. 1956 Apr;63(2):228-31. No abstract available. Abstract

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