Хром

A heavy metal that, in its trivalent oxidative states (3+, III: see list of synonyms), has great nutritional value as it acts as a trace element (oligoelement) that enhances the action of insulin and is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Meat, seafood, brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts (especially walnuts), weight loss supplements and tobacco, among others, are very rich in chromium. ^{(MedlinePlus 2019 WHO-OMS 2012, ATSDR 2012, IM-US panel 2001)}

The recommended intake for breastfeeding mothers is 45 micrograms per day. ^{(Ares Segura 2015, IM-US panel 2001)}

The average concentration of chromium in breast milk varies greatly according to the different studies consulted: from 0.2 to 2 micrograms/L. (^{Olowoyo 2021, Samiee 2019, Sun 2013, Cinar 2011, Abdulrazzaq 2008, Yoshida 2008, IM-US panel 2001, Mohamedshah 1998, Anderson 1993, Kumpulainen 1992 and 1980, Casey 1985 and 1984)}. Even with very high levels in breast milk, the recommended daily dose of chromium in infants (10-40 micrograms) is not exceeded. ^{(WHO 1989)}

According to some authors, the chromium content in breast milk is independent of chromium intake in the diet and chromium levels in serum or urine. ^{(Anderson 1993, Kumpulainen 1980)}

With a varied and balanced diet, mineral supplements are not necessary. Excessive chromium intake can cause skin problems in infants. ^{(Adachi 2007)}

There is no increase in chromium concentrations in milk or problems in infants breastfed by mothers with hip prostheses containing chromium in their composition. ^{(Oppermann 2015, Nelis 2013)}

Not to be confused with hexavalent (6+) states such as chromic acid or chromium trioxide, which are used industrially and have irritating, toxic and carcinogenic effects.

See below the information of this related product:

• Hexavalent Chromium( Cr 6, Cr VI) compounds (Unsafe. Moderate/severe adverse effects. Compatible under certain circumstances. Follow-up recommended. Use safer alternative or discontinue breastfeeding from 5 to 7 T ½ . Read Commentary.)