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It is a synthetic decapeptide identical to the physiological gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the pituitary release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) that stimulate the ovary to produce follicles. It is used as an assisted reproductive treatment to induce ovulation in anovulatory women with primary hypothalamic amenorrhea. It is also used in the diagnosis of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction. Intravenous or subcutaneous administration.
At the date of the last update we did not find any published data on its excretion in breast milk.
Its high molecular weight and very short half-life make it unlikely that significant amounts will transfer into breastmilk. Gonadorelin has been detected in breast milk at very low concentrations: 0,1 - 3 ng/mL. (Hale)
Due to its protein nature, it is inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract (Van Leusden 1994, Fraser 1993), not being absorbed (practically zero oral bioavailability), which hinders its transfer into the infant's plasma from breastmilk, except in premature infants and the immediate neonatal period, when there may be greater intestinal permeability.
A similar analogue, buserelin, is excreted in breastmilk in negligible or undetectable amounts and did not cause hormonal alterations in infants breastfed by mothers who were taking it (Dewart 1987), or alterations in lactation. (Fraser 1989)
Increased prolactin has been observed in women treated with gonadorelin analogues and gonadotropins (Cavagna 2005, Kamel 1994, Meldrum 1992), although the findings are not consistent. (Chantilis 1995)