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The dried seeds of this herbaceous plant are used. It contains 25% insoluble fibre, 40% oil and triglycerides (α-linoleic acid, ALA), polysaccharides (mucilage), cyanogenic glycosides, flavonoids and lignans (phytoestrogens). Attributed properties: laxative, hypolipidemic, topical cutaneous anti-inflammatory. Indication from the German Ministry of Health's Commission E and the European Medicines Agency (EMA): constipation. (EMA 2015, Goyal 2014, Basch 2007, Thompson 2006, Fletcher 2003, Blumenthal 1998). As food, it is consumed as whole or ground seeds (flaxseed), linseed oil and flaxseed flour, and is used in cereal bars and bakery and pastry products.
As it is non-toxic, it can be consumed during breastfeeding, but its high concentration of lignans, phytoestrogens with oestrogenic effects (Fletcher 2003, Stark 2002), makes moderate consumption advisable and prolonged use should be avoided.
Consumption of flax seeds or flaxseed oil increases the concentration of α-linoleic acid (ALA) in breast milk (Brenna 2009, Francois 2003), but not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); as ALA is a precursor of DHA, this could improve the DHA concentration in the infant.
The fat and linoleic acid concentrations in banked milk are reduced due to pasteurisation and freezing. (Vázquez 2014, García-Lara 2013 and 2012)
In some cultures, it is used as a galactagogue (Erarslan 2024), but this has not been demonstrated in controlled trials. (Palacios 2023)
See below the information of this related product: