Ephedra

The aerial parts of this shrub are used in America (Mexico and the Andes Mountains), Central Asia and countries of the Mediterranean basin. It contains ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, flavonoids and tannins. Its pharmacological properties are those of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine.Traditional use in asthma and colds. Indications of the Commission E of the German Ministry of Health: respiratory disease with bronchospasm in people older than 6 years. It is also being used in obesity treatment. ^{(Cho 2024, González 2020, Medline 2019, Bunchorntavakul 2013, WHO 1999)}

At the date of the last update we found no published data on its excretion in breast milk.

Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine have potent sympathomimetic activity. Their chronic use can cause hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction and sudden death ^{(González 2020, Bunchorntavakul 2013, Chitturi 2008, WHO 1999)}, as well as nervousness, irritability; they can also decrease milk production. FDA bans marketing of products containing Ephedra or ephedrine. ^{(Medline 2019)}

Sporadic and very moderate consumption of this plant is recommended during breastfeeding. Note that pseudoephedrine may cause decreased milk production.

See below the information of these related products:

• Ephedrine (Fairly safe. Mild or unlikely adverse effects. Compatible under certain circumstances. Follow-up recommended. Read Commentary.)
• Pseudoephedrine (Fairly safe. Mild or unlikely adverse effects. Compatible under certain circumstances. Follow-up recommended. Read Commentary.)