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Ammonium chloride is used intravenously as an acidifying agent in severe metabolic alkalosis. It is also used orally to acidify the urine and as a diuretic and expectorant due to its irritant properties on the respiratory mucosa (other salts such as acetate, bicarbonate, carbonate or citrate have also been used as expectorants). Oral use of this medicine, and its use in general, has fallen into disuse due to its limited efficacy and its irritating effects on the gastric mucosa.
As of the date of the last update, we have found no published data on its excretion in breast milk.
After being absorbed in the intestine, it is rapidly metabolised in the liver to urea.
The small amounts of ammonium present in cough medicines are unlikely to affect breastfeeding or the infant.
It is advisable to avoid this medicine due to its ineffectiveness or to use it sparingly whilst breastfeeding.
It has multiple industrial uses: fertilisers, explosives, metallurgy (tinning, galvanising and welding), batteries, detergents, etc. Exposure limits in these industries must be maintained at TLV (as TWA): 10 mg/m³ and TLV (as STEL): 20 mg/m³. Ammonium chloride has no R-phrases (risk phrases) or specific recommendations for breastfeeding. It is also used in the food industry as an emulsifying and flavouring additive (E510); to be avoided.