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Magnesium Chloride taken intravenously is used to treat acute or severe hypomagnesemia.
Various magnesium salts (aspartate, citrate, chloride, gluconate, lactate, levulinate, orotate, oxide, pidolate and sulphate) are used as mineral supplements (ATC A12CC) in the form of oral or intramuscular dietary intake in magnesium deficiency states.
Daily magnesium requirements for breastfeeding mothers are estimated at 310 to 360 mg (MedlinePlus 2017); some countries have established figures of up to 450 mg daily (Hall 2010).
Since the last update we have not found any published data on its excretion in breast milk.
Magnesium is a natural component of milk. The average natural concentration of magnesium in milk is 31 mg/L (15 to 64 mg/L) (Dórea 2000, Feeley 1983).
Ingested magnesium is not concentrated in breastmilk. Its concentration in milk is very stable and depends little on diet (USD 2000) and other factors, including intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate to the mother: the levels of magnesium in milk of mothers treated with intravenous magnesium sulphate were 6.4 mg/L versus 4.8 mg/L in untreated patients (Cruikshank 1982, Dorea 2000), a clinically non-significant difference for the infant, which also disappeared within a few hours.
Its low oral bioavailability hinders transfer to plasma and, therefore, to breastmilk, as well as transfer to infant plasma via breastmilk (Morris 1987).
In women treated with magnesium sulphate before or during childbirth, there has been a delay in the stimulation of milk production or lactogenesis II (Haldeman 1993) and less frequency of breastfeeding (Meier 2005) as well as hypotonia in newborns (Riaz 1998, Rasch 1982), which could interfere with adequate breast stimulation, but this can be counteracted by a firm decision by the mother and effective support for her (Cordero 2012).
Various medical associations and expert consensus consider the use of various magnesium salts to be safe during breastfeeding (Dennis 2012, Mahadevan 2006, Richter 2005, Nice 2000, Broussard 1998, Idama 1998).
If the intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate is considered compatible with breastfeeding, all the more reason that salts administered orally will also be compatible (Hagemann 1998).